Journal: Experimental Dermatology

Article Title: Keratinocyte‐derived IL‐1β induces PPARG downregulation and PPARD upregulation in human reconstructed epidermis following barrier impairment

doi: 10.1111/exd.14323

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking of IL1 and TNFα signalling in SDS‐mediated barrier impairment in HEEs. (A) HEEs were pretreated with anakinra or saline 24 h and immediately before SDS‐mediated barrier impairment. HEEs were harvested 6 h and 24 h after SDS application. mRNA expression levels of PPARA, PPARD and PPARG were assessed by RT‐PCR. Combined data from 5 independent, paired experiments are presented as mean ±SEM. Values are given as % of respective ctrl HEEs. As ctrl HEEs were used (1) saline‐pretreated HEEs exposed to PBS for saline‐pretreated HEEs exposed to SDS (groups: “6 h SDS” and “24 h SDS”) and (2) anakinra‐pretreated HEEs exposed to PBS for anakinra‐pretreated HEEs exposed to SDS (groups: “ANA +6 h SDS” and “ANA +24 h SDS”). (B) HEEs were pretreated with infliximab or saline 24 h and immediately before SDS‐mediated barrier impairment. HEEs were harvested 6 h and 24 h after SDS application. mRNA expression levels of PPARD and PPARG were assessed by RT‐PCR. Combined data from 3 independent, paired experiments are presented as mean ± SEM. Values are given as % of respective ctrl HEEs exposed to PBS. As ctrl HEEs were used (1) saline‐pretreated HEEs exposed to PBS for saline‐pretreated HEEs exposed to SDS (groups: “6 h SDS” and “24 h SDS”) and (2) infliximab‐pretreated HEEs exposed to PBS for infliximab‐pretreated HEEs exposed to SDS (groups: “INF +6 h SDS” and “INF +24 h SDS”). Data were analysed using a paired Student´s t test for all experiments. * p = <0.05; ** p = <0.01. IL1, interleukin‐1; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; PPARD , peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor β/δ; PPARG , peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ

Article Snippet: Keratinocyte monolayer cultures and HEEs were stimulated with human IL‐1β (c: 100 ng/ml), TNFα (c: 10 ng/ml) ( both CellGro, Corning, NY) or TSLP (c: 10 ng/ml) (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN) for 6 h or 24 h. Anakinra (Kineret, r‐metHuIL‐1ra, BoehringerIngelheim, Vienna, Austria) at a concentration of 50 μg/ml or Infliximab (Remicade, JanssenBiotech, Leiden, Netherlands) at a concentration of 100 μg/ml were added to the medium of HEEs 24 h and right before SDS application.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Saline, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal:

Article Title: HSV-1 infection of human brain cells induces miRNA-146a and Alzheimer-type inflammatory signaling

doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283329c05

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1

Article Snippet: Western immunoblots were performed using human-specific primary antibodies directed against the control marker β-actin (3598-100; Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), COX-2 (C-20; sc-1745), cPLA 2 (N-216; sc-438), IL-1β (C-20; sc-1250), and CFH (H-5; sc-166608) (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, California, USA) as described earlier [ 11 , 12 ].

Techniques: